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Budworm Woodlot Management Program

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Explain the role of the Budworm Woodlot Management Program

Key Findings: Identify and map through interpretation of color infra red photography all spruce-fir forest types and budworm caused damage and mortality within these areas on a town-by-town basis wherever budworm damage and small ownerships exist within the Spruce-Fir Protection District of Maine.

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Do Balsam Twig Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Lower Tree Susceptibility to Spruce Budworm?

Problem Addressed: The balsam twig aphid and the spruce budworm have similar phrenologies and host requirements in eastern North America.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Report on the negative effects of high twig aphid levels on the survival and developmental rates of spruce budworm on balsam fir.

Key Findings: Spruce budworm per branch clearly decreased as aphid levels increased.

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The Apanteles Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking Lepidoptera in the Micro-Habitat of the Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Six species of Apanteles are described, figured, and keyed.

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Spruce Budworm in Ontario, 1986

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Ontario

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Report outbreak status and results of spraying operations in 1986 and forescasts for 1987

Key Findings: Spruce budworm infestations declined in Ontario in 1986.

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The Spruce Budworm in Maine in 1965

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Maine. There was no spruce budworm control in Maine during 1965.

Key Findings: After considering the 1964 data, entomologists of the Maine and U.S. Forest Services had recommended a "wait and watch" policy with regard to the budworm infestation with no treatment recommended for 1965.

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Applied Ecology: Showing the Way to Better Insect Control

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Effects of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks on the Productivity and Stability of Balsam Fir Forests

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Reviews the effects of spruce budworm caused defoliation on forest productivity, including radial and volume growth of both individual trees and stands, top-kill of trees, and rate of mortality in stands.

Key Findings: Spruce budworm outbreaks definitely disrupt the short-term stability of forest ecosystems by causing widespread tree mortality and loss of wood production, which in turn cause major forest management problems.

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Aerial Survey Techniques for the Spruce Budworm in the Lake States

Goal(s)/Objective(s): To set up defoliation standards for air observers which could be related to larval population and actual defoliation. Also to determine best flying height, the effect of contrasting filters, and observer accuracy.

Key Findings: Samples collected from the midcrown of codominant or dominant balsam fir trees represent the best estimate of defoliation for the entire tree.

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