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Factors affecting species richness of tree regeneration in mixed-wood stands of central Maine

Problem Addressed: Within-stand spatial variability and tree regeneration

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Species richness of tree regeneration in response to smallscale ecological gradients, and effect of Abies balsamea abundance on species richness of other tree regeneration

Key Findings: Negative associations with A. balsamea regeneration density; large regeneration and overstorey basal area. Positive associations overstorey basal area; small and large regeneration and canopy transmittance.

Recommendation: Tree species diversity in Acadian mixed-wood stands may not be achievable through the use of gap-harvesting alone if the density of understorey Abies balsamea is not reduced

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Developing optimal commercial thinning prescriptions: A new graphical approach

Problem Addressed: Thinning prescriptions for intensive management of stand density

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Develop an analytical framework to facilitate the application of existing stocking diagrams and stand-growth simulators in formulating density-management regimes

Key Findings: Graphical techniques such as ThinME allow forest managers to effectively explore a variety of commercial thinning prescriptions.

Downloads: 6

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Height-diameter models with random coefficients and site variables for tree species of central Maine

Problem Addressed: Growth and yield measurements

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Compare height-diameter models for New England tree species using both GNLS and mixed-effects modeling approaches

Key Findings: Mixed-effects approaches were superior to GNLS

Recommendation: Differences in stand structure had a significant influence on the height-diameter relationships

Downloads: 2

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Forty years of spruce–fir stand development following herbicide application and precommercial thinning in central Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Long-term stand dynamics for northern forests

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate the long-term effects of herbicide release and PCT on stand composition and structure; test assumptions about the effects on mixedwood stands

Key Findings: Early herbicide application created softwood-dominated mixedwood stands over the long term; PCT more than doubled merchantable softwood volume

Recommendation: Early PCT dramatically influences the development of spruce-fir stands

Downloads: 4

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Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the North American Acadian Region

Problem Addressed: Develop stem taper equations for balsam fir, red spruce, and white pine in the Acadian Region

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Use mixed-effects to assess the amount of within- and between-tree variation in stem profiles; evaluate ten stem taper profile models; and assess the level of improvement.

Key Findings: Selecting the best regional taper equation is difficult as it depends on species, dataset, and intended use.

Recommendation: Use of the geometric mean of all predictions is suggested when multiple equations for a certain species exist.

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Regional Stem Taper Equations for Eleven Conifer Species in the Acadian Region of North America: Development and Assessment

Problem Addressed: Taper profile models for conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Practical guidelines for developing taper profile models for the majority of conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Fitted taper equations can accurately predict both stem form and volume across a range of conditions.

Downloads: 2

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Modeling annualized occurrence, frequency, and composition of ingrowth using mixed-effects zeroinflated models and permanent plots in the Acadian Forest Region of North America

Problem Addressed: Modeling tree ingrowth utilizing random effects

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Find the best modeling approach for annualized ingrowth count data for mixed species and mixed cohort stands in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Combining mixed effects modeling techniques with zero-inflated distributions resulted in significant improvement in modeling.

Recommendation: Results can be incorporated into any forest growth simulator for the Acadian Forest Region.

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Estimating and predicting bark thickness for seven conifer species in the Acadian Region of North America using a mixed-effects modeling approach: Comparison of model forms and subsampling strategies

Problem Addressed: Knowledge of bark thickness and the ability to predict it accurately

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Cevelop bark thickness prediction models for the major conifer species in the Acadian Region of North America

Key Findings: Cao and Pepper's (1986) equation performed significantly better than other equations for most of our study species

Recommendation: No unified prior measurement can provide best predictive abilities across all species

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Long-term response of spruce–fir stands to herbicide and precommercial thinning: observed and projected growth, yield, and financial returns in central Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Long-term growth and yield responses from controlled experiments that include both herbicide application and precommercial thinning.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Use 40-year growth and yield responses of spruce–fir stands to combinations of early herbicide and PCT to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (Northeast Variant).

Key Findings: Highest stumpage values resulted from combined herbicide and PCT treatments, followed by PCT-only and then herbicide-only.

Recommendation: Good financial returns are possible over the long-term from early investments in herbicide and PCT treatments in Maine spruce–fir stands.

Downloads: 6

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Improving the Composition of Beech-Dominated Northern Hardwood Understories in Northern Maine

Problem Addressed: American beech dominance following natural disturbance and shelterwood and selection harvesting

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Identify glyphosate rate and surfactant concentration that produce maximum beech control and minimal injury to desirable hardwood species

Key Findings: Dominant hardwood species differed substantially in their susceptibility to the treatments in the following decreasing order: beech, striped maple, yellow birch, red maple, sugar maple.

Recommendation: this relatively low-cost and effective treatment can substantially improve the understory composition of northern hardwood stands

Downloads: 4

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