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Budworm-Caused Mortality and 20-Year Recovery in Immature Balsam Fir Stands (1979)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Provide some details of the variation in mortality among plots, as well as describing recovery.

Key Findings: It appears that while these immature stands have recovered remarkably from the effects of intense uncontrolled defoliation, they will yield only slightly more than one-half of the projected volume at maturity.

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Assessment of the 1971 Spruce Budworm Aerial Spraying Program in New Brunswick and Forecast for 1972.

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Discuss and review the 1971 Spruce Budworm aerial spraying program and suggest proposals for 1972.

Key Findings: The trends suggest that the biocontrol complex operating against the budworm has been weakened, and that spraying may lead to higher general equilibrium levels of budworm, so that resurgence becomes more probable; so far, no minor pest is opportunistically approaching epidemic status. However, spray-induced interference with biocontrol forces leaves this possibility open.

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Early Response of Balsam Fir to Spacing in Northwestern New Brunswick (1981)

Problem Addressed: Balsam fir development

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describes the early development of young balsam fir/white spruce stands in northwestern New Brunswick which were spaced to several different levels of spacing, about 02 years ago.

Key Findings: Evaluation of "optimal" spacing levels will involve an economic analysis of such factors as cost of spacing, the relationship between merchantable yield and initial spacing, the influence of average tree size on logging costs, and relative costs and benefits of alternative silvicultural treatments such as fertilization.

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Maine’s Spruce Budworm Program: Moving toward Integrated Management (1977)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Design and implement a system of integrated pest management through a balanced program of research, population monitoring, silviculture, salvage, reduced reliance on spraying, and development, where possible, of ecologically safe biological agents.

Key Findings: The announcement of an accelerated, multi-year research and development effort by the USDA Forest Service.

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The Spruce Budworm in Maine in 1971

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm infestations

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine the budworm parasites, hoping to identify natural control agents.

Key Findings: The budworm problem is now increasing in area and intensity faster than trees can be cut.

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The Environmental Impact of Sevin

Problem Addressed: Insecticide use against spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Explanation of why Sevin has become a product of choice in forest insect control programs

Key Findings: Sevin carbaryl will continue to be selected for insect control programs where maximum environmental protection is desired

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Aerial Application of Spruce Budworm Baculovirus: Tests of Virus Strains, Dosages and Formulations in 1977

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Five plots with a total area of 148 ha were treated with spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus to test 3 formulations, 2 dosages and 2 strains of virus against the spruce budworm

Key Findings: 750 billion polyhedra/ha gave a population reduction of 92% which is the best result obtained to date with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus treatment on spruce budworm.

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Gone with the Wind: Silvicultural Methods for Reducing Wind Damage After Cutting in Spruce and Fir Stands (1979)

Problem Addressed: Wind as a damaging agent to forests.

Key Findings: Clearcutting should be regarded as a last resort, when neither the uniform or strip shelterwood approaches are possible, as well suggesting a more sophisticated silvicultural approach.

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Impact of Experimental Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) Suppression Trials Upon Forest Dwelling Birds in Newfoundland in 1977.

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm outbreak in Newfoundland that has steadily increased in size and intensity since 1971

Key Findings: Presents the results of studies carried out to determine the immediate and short-term effects of a series of experimental sprays upon forest dwelling birds exposed to the various treatment regimes.

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Aerial Spraying Operations Against Blackheaded Budworm on Vancouver Island, 1973

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm and blackheaded budworm outbreak

Goal(s)/Objective(s): An aerial spray project conducted by the Council of Forest Industries of British Columbia and the Province of British Columbia to protect 29,000 acres of hemlock forest on northern Vancouver Island from additional defoliation by an outbreak of blackheaded budworm.

Key Findings: Monitoring of the effects of the operations on non-target organisms revealed that populations of juvenile salmon, songbirds and small mammals suffered no immediate ill effects. However, there was considerable mortality of several families of aquatic and terrestrial insects.

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