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Summary of the EPA’s Evaluation of the Pesticide Carbaryl

Problem Addressed: Effects of insecticides

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Summary of EPA's evaluation of the pesticide carbaryl, and weight the risks of using a pesticide against its economic and social benefits.

Key Findings: Carbaryl is a registered pesticide which has been demonstrated not to cause unreasonable adverse effects when used in accordance with commonly recognized practices.

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Proposal to the Maine Department of Conservation: Further Studies on Entomopthora Fungi that Attack Spruce Budworm & Development of Techniques to Determine Population Declines in the Spruce Budworm

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Two proposals to the Maine Department of Conservation for research involving spruce budworm control

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Summary Report on Studies of the Impact of Insecticides on Forest Ecosystems

Problem Addressed: Insecticide impacts on forest ecosystems

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine forest songbird responses to timber stand alterations in Eastern Canada caused by spruce budworm damage over the past decade.

Key Findings: In areas where the budworm-killed conifer component is being replaced by a new forest growth, songbird density is comparable to that in adjacent undamaged stands, but songbird diversity is considerably lower than in nearby unaffected stands.

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Insecticide Trials to Control Spruce Budworm Damage on Christmas Trees

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm and use of insecticides effecting Christmas trees

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describe the tests of experimental applications of three chemicals to provide data for new registrations.

Key Findings: Fall and winter predictions of high populations and potential heavy budworm damage in southern Maine were inaccurate.

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Effects of Insecticides

Problem Addressed: Effects of insecticides

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Organize remarks on 'the pesticide problem' and pesticides effects on non-target organisms.

Key Findings: Adopting ecologically sound insect-pest management using modern integrated control systems will help reduce genetic toxicity to experimental animals and will work against how insecticides are frequently counterproductive in achieving the intended objective of controlling insect populations.

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Toxicity of the IGR, Diflubenzuron, to Freshwater Invertebrates and Fish

Problem Addressed: Toxicity of insecticides used against spruce budworm on invertebrates and fish.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Study the potential toxicological effects of the parent compound diflubenzuron and three of its known degradation products to freshwater fish and invertebrates.

Key Findings: The acute toxicity of the WP formulation of diflubenzuron varied greatly between species of aquatic invertebrates.

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The Effects of Fenitrothion, Matacil and Orthene on Frog Larvae

Problem Addressed: Effects of insecticides used for spruce budworm control on other wildlife.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Discuss the behavioral repertoire of Rana clamitans tadpoles in the laboratory.

Key Findings: Concentrations detrimental to anuran larvae would never be encountered under normal operational applications of these chemicals.

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Report of the 1986 Midcycle Resurvey of the Spruce-Fir Forest in Maine

Problem Addressed: Budworm outbreak effecting 1980 survey of supply and demand for spruce-fir in Maine.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Validate the earlier forecasts and to update them to account for new or unexpected developments.

Key Findings: Maine forests, at least within the survey region, are adequately stocked with young trees.

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Spruce Budworm Zectran Pilot Control Test, Bitterroot National Forest 1966

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in the Bitterroot National Forest in Montana

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Conduct a test to determine the efficiency of the carbamate insecticide Zectran against spruce budworm.

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Recommendations for Improvement of Spruce Budworm Population and Damage Survey Methods in the State of Maine

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describe egg mass and defoliation survey; to check results of the egg mass survey, obtain more detailed information on budworm populations, and predict damage in the coming year.

Recommendation: Eliminate any branch beating surveys for spruce budworm and not using light trap data when populations are high.

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Pesticides: Insecticides Documents

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