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Effects of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks on the Productivity and Stability of Balsam Fir Forests

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Reviews the effects of spruce budworm caused defoliation on forest productivity, including radial and volume growth of both individual trees and stands, top-kill of trees, and rate of mortality in stands.

Key Findings: Spruce budworm outbreaks definitely disrupt the short-term stability of forest ecosystems by causing widespread tree mortality and loss of wood production, which in turn cause major forest management problems.

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The Spruce Budworm in Maine in 1950

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine the effect of natural factors of control, the rearing of parasites, and experimental tests in airplane spraying.

Key Findings: An appraisal of the budworm situation in Maine with recommendations for 1951 is given.

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Reduced Application Rates of Orthene Forest Spray Give Less Effective Spruce Budworm Control in Maine – 1978

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Compare 4 different concentrations of acephate (tank mixes) applied at different volume rates.

Key Findings: Reducing application rates of Orthene Forest Spray formulations from 64 fl oz per acre to 32 fl oz per acre or less decreased budworm control in Maine

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Spruce Budworm in Ontario, 1987

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Ontario

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Report outbreak status and results of the spraying operation in 1987 and forecasts for 1988.

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Studies of Aerial Spraying Against the Spruce Budworm in New Brunswick XVII. Mortality of Fir and Spruce in Selected Sprayed and Unsprayed Areas

Problem Addressed: Aerials sprayings again Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Provide an indication of the extent of tree mortality in the chosen areas.

Key Findings: The results of this study will be reported at a later date

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The Impact of Forest Spraying on Populations of Small Forest Songbirds, Small Mammals and Honey Bees in the Menjou Depot Area of Quebec, 1973

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Quebec

Key Findings: The application of fenitrothion followed about 10 days later with an application of Matacil caused some mortality amongst those species inhabiting and foraging in exposed habitat.

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The Influence of Pesticides Sprayed for Spruce Budworm Control on Certain Non-Target Terrestrial Invertebrates in the Forest

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine the effects of operational applications of spruce budworm insecticides on certain non-target forest invertebrates

Key Findings: Caged spiders exposed to the insecticides demonstrated low survival.

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Alkali Solubility as an Indication of Decay in Diseased Wood

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm infestation

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine if, in fact, the 1% alkaline solubility test could serve as a valuable empirical measurement of decay in wood to be used in pulping and to obtain experimental data to be used in a future study of the effect of decay on pulp yield and strength properties (using 5/8" and 7/8" chips in pulping)

Key Findings: The 5/8" and 7/8" chip samples led to accurate and reproducible results. Since 5/8" and 7/8" chips are typically considered to be part of the accepted chips used in industrial pulping, the 1% NaOH solubility test could serve as a useful and reliable measurement of decay of wood to be used in industry.

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Work Plan for Aerial Operational Test

Problem Addressed: Comparison of Othene Forest Spray at 0.5 lb and 0.67 lb in 1 qt and 2 qt Application Rates per Acre Against the Eastern Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Estimating potential savings for an assumed project of 60,000 acres with costs based on market conditions in Maine

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Results of Spray Operations Against Spruce Budworm in New Brunswick 1977 and a Forecast of Conditions in the Maritimes for 1978

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Give the results of aerial spraying operations in New Brunswick in 1977 which were carried out to limit damage caused by the spruce budworm

Key Findings: Best results, in terms of foliage saved and percent budworm killed, occurred in areas treated twice with aminocarb, three times with one application of fenitrothion and two applications of aminocarb, and once with fenitrothion at 4 oz per acre, when the budworm was in the fourth instar.

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