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The Epidemiology of the Current Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in Quebec

Key Findings: 1. Make early detection and intervention possible because of the fact that epicenters are restricted to a small portion of the range, thus presenting the possibility of using pheromone traps in small areas to monitor population changes and eventually of exerting control of the epicenters and curtailing the spread of the outbreak. 2. Limit aerial spraying to the zone of occasional abundance and parts of the zone of normal abundance where the duration of the outbreak and the ensuing damage warrant such expenditures.

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The Effects of Zectran on Fish and Wildlife

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine effectiveness of Zectran in controlling spruce budworm and evaluate any adverse effects on aquatic life and birds.

Key Findings: Zectran applied as a low volume application at a rate of 0.15 pounds per acre had no adverse effect on aquatic or bird life in the study area.

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Pulping of Diseased and Decayed Wood

Problem Addressed: Decay of wood

Key Findings: Decaying and insect-ridden wood can deleteriously affect processing and quality of the resulting pulp.

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Effects of Carbaryl (Sevin) on Brook Trout in Streams Receiving Drift from Spraying of Nearby Forests

Problem Addressed: Sevin-4-oil being used against Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Monitor 1979 operational spraying to determine 1. amounts and persistence of pesticide residues in stream water, 2. the effects on the invertebrates in the benthos and drift, 3. the effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of young trout, 4. the effect on feeding success and diet composition of young trout.

Key Findings: No major effects on the aquatic community were detected

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Mapping Vulnerability of Spruce-Fir Stands in the Northeast to Spruce Budworm Attack

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Give plans for large holdings and smaller holdings

Key Findings: Among a number of areas or stands classified as "high hazard" there will be a considerable range in risk involved.

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Operational Test of Zectran (Mexacarbate) Against the Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura Fumiferana Clem.) in Maine, 1973

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine the efficacy of reduced application rates and dosage levels in reducing larval populations of the budworm and minimizing the amount of defoliation occurring in a given year.

Key Findings: Populations estimates made prior to treatment indicated high and relatively uniform populations in three of the four spray blocks. Block #36 had 37% fewer larvae, but the population level was high enough to cause complete stripping of current year's foliage and ultimately did so on that portion of the block that did not receive treatment.

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Some Financial Aspects of Removal of Overmature Balsam Fir as a Budworm Control Measure

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Proposed Cooperative Project Between the Private, State and Federal Interests Concerned With Mortality and Growth Loss From Spruce Budworm Infestations

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm infestations

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Provide a means of evaluating the amount of damage and mortality in Maine's spruce-fir forests caused by the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem.).

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Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Insecticides to Forest Insect Pests and Non-Target Insects in 1986

Problem Addressed: Use of the insecticide SAN 811-I

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine the persistence of a new insect growth regulator, UC 84572 in aquatic systems.

Key Findings: Permethrin appears to be 1-2 orders of magnitude more toxic than methoxychlor by either exposure route.

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Fenitrothion Residues in Honeybees and Their Products Collected From Forested Areas Sprayed with the Insecticide for Budworm Control

Problem Addressed: Fenitrothion effects on honeybees

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Results and observations made in an extensive three-year study program undertaken in 1972 to determine the effect of fenitrothion applied by aircraft at operational levels on honeybees and its residues, if any, in 122 honeybee, pollen, beeswax and honey samples collected from sprayed forest areas in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

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