
Do Balsam Twig Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Lower Tree Susceptibility to Spruce Budworm?
Problem Addressed: The balsam twig aphid and the spruce budworm have similar phrenologies and host requirements in eastern North America.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Report on the negative effects of high twig aphid levels on the survival and developmental rates of spruce budworm on balsam fir.
Key Findings: Spruce budworm per branch clearly decreased as aphid levels increased.
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