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Northern Forest Trends 1985-1989 Northern USA and Eastern Canada (1990)

Problem Addressed: Forest management practices across the northern United States and eastern Canad

Goal(s)/Objective(s): How does management of the forests compare to each other? What other practices are being conducted? Who is participating?

Key Findings: There has been a movement away from artificial regeneration programs, with greater emphasis being placed on natural regeneration and conducting practices to achieve it.

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Environmental Monitoring of the 1982 Spruce Budworm Spraying Program in Newfoundland

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine the impact of the aerial application of the pesticide Matacil on terrestrial insect, songbird and aquatic invertebrate communities over the course of one biological season

Key Findings: Matacil levels on balsam fir in the sprayed areas were low thoughout the study. Six of the 29 samples of balsam fir had Matacil levels over 1.0 ppm (maximum of 5.8 ppm). Levels following the second spray were somewhat higher than following the first. This is attributed to rainfall shortly after the first spray undoubtedly washed some of the pesticie away and a cumulative effect.

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A Study of the Cost of Strip Cutting Black Spruce Stands in Northern Ontario

Problem Addressed: Cost of strip cutting black spruce stands

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Deals with impact of strip cutting on planning, layout and supervision, in-strip operations, roadside processing, movement of mean and materials, and roads.

Key Findings: Results combine the low and high estimates for each activity for which cost estimates were made.

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Control of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec through Aerial Spraying Operations

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Quebec

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Suppress an incipient spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec though the aerial application of DDT

Key Findings: Although the distribution of eggs could serve as a guide to determine the areas requiring treatment the following year, the exact delimitation of the spray area should be based on a survey carried out just before application of the insecticide.

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Budworm-Caused Mortality and 20-Year Recovery in Immature Balsam Fir Stands (1979)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Provide some details of the variation in mortality among plots, as well as describing recovery.

Key Findings: It appears that while these immature stands have recovered remarkably from the effects of intense uncontrolled defoliation, they will yield only slightly more than one-half of the projected volume at maturity.

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Assessment of the 1971 Spruce Budworm Aerial Spraying Program in New Brunswick and Forecast for 1972.

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Discuss and review the 1971 Spruce Budworm aerial spraying program and suggest proposals for 1972.

Key Findings: The trends suggest that the biocontrol complex operating against the budworm has been weakened, and that spraying may lead to higher general equilibrium levels of budworm, so that resurgence becomes more probable; so far, no minor pest is opportunistically approaching epidemic status. However, spray-induced interference with biocontrol forces leaves this possibility open.

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Early Response of Balsam Fir to Spacing in Northwestern New Brunswick (1981)

Problem Addressed: Balsam fir development

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describes the early development of young balsam fir/white spruce stands in northwestern New Brunswick which were spaced to several different levels of spacing, about 02 years ago.

Key Findings: Evaluation of "optimal" spacing levels will involve an economic analysis of such factors as cost of spacing, the relationship between merchantable yield and initial spacing, the influence of average tree size on logging costs, and relative costs and benefits of alternative silvicultural treatments such as fertilization.

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Maine’s Spruce Budworm Program: Moving toward Integrated Management (1977)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Design and implement a system of integrated pest management through a balanced program of research, population monitoring, silviculture, salvage, reduced reliance on spraying, and development, where possible, of ecologically safe biological agents.

Key Findings: The announcement of an accelerated, multi-year research and development effort by the USDA Forest Service.

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The Spruce Budworm in Maine in 1971

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm infestations

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine the budworm parasites, hoping to identify natural control agents.

Key Findings: The budworm problem is now increasing in area and intensity faster than trees can be cut.

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The Environmental Impact of Sevin

Problem Addressed: Insecticide use against spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Explanation of why Sevin has become a product of choice in forest insect control programs

Key Findings: Sevin carbaryl will continue to be selected for insect control programs where maximum environmental protection is desired

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