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Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the North American Acadian Region

Problem Addressed: Develop stem taper equations for balsam fir, red spruce, and white pine in the Acadian Region

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Use mixed-effects to assess the amount of within- and between-tree variation in stem profiles; evaluate ten stem taper profile models; and assess the level of improvement.

Key Findings: Selecting the best regional taper equation is difficult as it depends on species, dataset, and intended use.

Recommendation: Use of the geometric mean of all predictions is suggested when multiple equations for a certain species exist.

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Regional Stem Taper Equations for Eleven Conifer Species in the Acadian Region of North America: Development and Assessment

Problem Addressed: Taper profile models for conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Practical guidelines for developing taper profile models for the majority of conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Fitted taper equations can accurately predict both stem form and volume across a range of conditions.

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Modeling annualized occurrence, frequency, and composition of ingrowth using mixed-effects zeroinflated models and permanent plots in the Acadian Forest Region of North America

Problem Addressed: Modeling tree ingrowth utilizing random effects

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Find the best modeling approach for annualized ingrowth count data for mixed species and mixed cohort stands in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Combining mixed effects modeling techniques with zero-inflated distributions resulted in significant improvement in modeling.

Recommendation: Results can be incorporated into any forest growth simulator for the Acadian Forest Region.

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Long-term response of spruce–fir stands to herbicide and precommercial thinning: observed and projected growth, yield, and financial returns in central Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Long-term growth and yield responses from controlled experiments that include both herbicide application and precommercial thinning.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Use 40-year growth and yield responses of spruce–fir stands to combinations of early herbicide and PCT to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (Northeast Variant).

Key Findings: Highest stumpage values resulted from combined herbicide and PCT treatments, followed by PCT-only and then herbicide-only.

Recommendation: Good financial returns are possible over the long-term from early investments in herbicide and PCT treatments in Maine spruce–fir stands.

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Improving the Composition of Beech-Dominated Northern Hardwood Understories in Northern Maine

Problem Addressed: American beech dominance following natural disturbance and shelterwood and selection harvesting

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Identify glyphosate rate and surfactant concentration that produce maximum beech control and minimal injury to desirable hardwood species

Key Findings: Dominant hardwood species differed substantially in their susceptibility to the treatments in the following decreasing order: beech, striped maple, yellow birch, red maple, sugar maple.

Recommendation: this relatively low-cost and effective treatment can substantially improve the understory composition of northern hardwood stands

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Assessing the Feasibility of Low-Density LiDAR for Stand Inventory Attribute Predictions in Complex and Managed Forests of Northern Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Applicability of using a low-density discrete-return LiDAR for forest management.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate LiDAR for predicting maximum tree height, stem density, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, and total volume.

Key Findings: Low density LiDAR was able to capture variability but tended to underestimate maximum tree height and volume; accuracy of volume prediction was sensitive to the plot type.

Recommendation: Use of LiDAR-based inventory attribute predictions is a valuable option for achieving efficient and effective forest assessment.

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Arboreal arthropod associations with epiphytes following gap harvesting in the Acadian forest of Maine

Problem Addressed: Sensitivity of Collembola, Araneae, and Diptera to forest management.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Further examination of gap harvesting on Collembola and their associations with epiphytes and arthropods.

Key Findings: The correlation among bryophytes, Collembola (springtails) and Araneae (spiders) suggest a potential trophic interaction where arboreal spiders, during early developmental stages, were dependent upon availability of Collembolan prey

Recommendation: Dipterans may be good candidates as indicators of forest management impacts on the larger arthropod community

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Early stand production of hybrid poplar and white spruce in mixed and monospecific plantations in eastern Maine

Problem Addressed: Potential benefits of increasing intensity of silvicultural practices on Maine's forestlands.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Compare early growth of pure white spruce, pure hybrid poplar, and white spruce-hybrid poplar mixed-species plantations on a typical reforestation site in eastern Maine.

Key Findings: Three years post planting, hybrid poplar height and ground line diameter growth rates began to diverge among clones; by 6 years, the Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii clone clearly outperformed three other Populus spp. clones both in pure stands and in mixtures with white spruce. In mixture, yield of white spruce declined as yield of hybrid poplar increased.

Recommendation: Forest management in northeastern North America could benefit from increasing intensities of silviculture and establishing more plantations.

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Influence of management intensity on the productivity of early successional Acadian stands in eastern Maine

Problem Addressed: Response of early successional stands to management

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Document response of early successional stands to management inputs designed to shift species composition

Key Findings: After 7 years, yields of mixedwood treatments were greater than conifer release treatments; yields of hardwood thinning treatments were similar to the untreated control, but with lower densities.

Recommendation: Early successional stands can be effectively managed during early stand development to improve growth and the longer term composition

Downloads: 3

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Development and evaluation of aboveground small tree biomass models for naturally regenerated and planted species in eastern Maine, U.S.A.

Problem Addressed: Models for small tree biomass estimates in northeastern North America

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate additive aboveground component and biomass models for five naturally regenerated hardwood species.

Key Findings: Small tree biomass models currently used to predict woody biomass substantially underestimated biomass at the study site.

Recommendation: Current FAS models may be inadequate for providing reliable sapling biomass estimates in Maine, and new techniques should be developed.

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