Decline and mortality of black spruce caused by spruce budworm defoliation and secondary organisms
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- Raske, A.G.
Canadian Forestry Service - Sutton, W.J.
Canadian Forestry Service
During the recent outbreak of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana clem) in Newfoundland, black spruce stands (Picea mariana Mill. B.S.P) were also severely defoliated for 3-4 years between 1976 and 1979. This report outlines the defoliation history of black spurce during the recent spruce budworm outbreak, presents estimates of spruce mortality from 1977-1983, gives symptoms of dying spruces, describes mortality rates of srpce, and forecasts damage.
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