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Aerial Application of Spruce Budworm Baculovirus: Tests of Virus Strains, Dosages and Formulations in 1977

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Five plots with a total area of 148 ha were treated with spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus to test 3 formulations, 2 dosages and 2 strains of virus against the spruce budworm

Key Findings: 750 billion polyhedra/ha gave a population reduction of 92% which is the best result obtained to date with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus treatment on spruce budworm.

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Gone with the Wind: Silvicultural Methods for Reducing Wind Damage After Cutting in Spruce and Fir Stands (1979)

Problem Addressed: Wind as a damaging agent to forests.

Key Findings: Clearcutting should be regarded as a last resort, when neither the uniform or strip shelterwood approaches are possible, as well suggesting a more sophisticated silvicultural approach.

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Impact of Experimental Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) Suppression Trials Upon Forest Dwelling Birds in Newfoundland in 1977.

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm outbreak in Newfoundland that has steadily increased in size and intensity since 1971

Key Findings: Presents the results of studies carried out to determine the immediate and short-term effects of a series of experimental sprays upon forest dwelling birds exposed to the various treatment regimes.

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Aerial Spraying Operations Against Blackheaded Budworm on Vancouver Island, 1973

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm and blackheaded budworm outbreak

Goal(s)/Objective(s): An aerial spray project conducted by the Council of Forest Industries of British Columbia and the Province of British Columbia to protect 29,000 acres of hemlock forest on northern Vancouver Island from additional defoliation by an outbreak of blackheaded budworm.

Key Findings: Monitoring of the effects of the operations on non-target organisms revealed that populations of juvenile salmon, songbirds and small mammals suffered no immediate ill effects. However, there was considerable mortality of several families of aquatic and terrestrial insects.

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Final Report Study of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Spruce Coneworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Behavior on Red Spruce as it Relates to Host Phenology and Damage March 19, 1985

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm and spruce coneworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Study the feeding and concealment behaviors of spruce budworm, and spruce coneworm, on red spruce, conducted in Maine in 1984

Key Findings: Neither species was effectively controlled on red spruce. However, these results are not representative of the entire spray project as both BT and Zectran did provide better results on other operational spray blocks.

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Report of the Spruce Budworm Committee (1977)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Newfoundland

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Review a broad representative cross section of the literature pertaining to the budworm problem including internal government and unpublished documents and reports on the following aspects of the problem: a. the probable effects of the current budworm epidemic on the forest resources and the forest industry in the Province; b. the realistic solution alternatives to the current budworm problem and cost implications of each.

Key Findings: 11 recommendations are proposed by this Committee of a general prescriptive nature.

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Intensity of Sampling over Entire Area (1973)

Key Findings: List guidelines to determine the total number of field samples to be taken throughout and near the four major spray areas

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Patterns of Tree Mortality During an Uncontrolled Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Baxter State Park, 1983

Problem Addressed: Uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Study the patterns of mortality in balsam fir and in the red-black spruce complex during an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak

Key Findings: The hypotheses on the mechanisms producing the tree mortality patterns during a budworm outbreak were summarized and the observed tree mortality patterns were then interpreted according to those hypotheses.

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Predators of the Spruce Budworm (1985)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): 1. Review available information on the predators of the spruce budworm; 2. Provide information on predator biologies, including life stages, modes of attack, and general importance; 3. Summarize the importance of predators and predation in population dynamics of the spruce budworm; 4. Review forest-management practices that enhance predator populations; and 5. List basic literature sources for identifying predators of the spruce budworm.

Key Findings: The information in the article is especially needed at low population levels of the pest so that we can learn how to manage the forest to prevent future outbreaks.

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Pilot Control Project to Determine Efficacy of Acephate, Carbaryl, and Trichlorfon Against the Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) in Maine — 1976

Problem Addressed: Insecticide use against spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Conduct a pilot control project to evaluate the efficacy of three different insecticides in reducing larval populations of the budworm and minimizing the amount of defoliation to host trees.

Key Findings: Each of the insecticides could be effectively used against the spruce budworm with minimal and transitory effects on the environment.

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