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A Demonstration of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Plus the Enzyme Chitinase, Against the Spruce Budworm in Maine. Part I. Efficacy

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm in northern Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis and B.t. plus chitinase on controlling damage of the spruce budworm in northern Maine.

Key Findings: The B.t. alone treatments showed levels of crown damage that were indistinguishable from that of control plots.

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Detecting Forest Insect Pests in Canada

Problem Addressed: Review of Blair McGugan's 1956 paper on the origins and development of the Canadian Forest Insect Survey.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describe capabilities of detecting forest insect pests

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Impact on forest birds of the 1975 spruce budworm spray operation in New Brunswick

Problem Addressed: Effect of phosphamidon and fenitrothion on song birds.

Key Findings: Several million singing male birds, mostly canopy feeders, were killed.

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Impact of 1985 forest insecticide spraying on Newfoundland pollinating insects

Problem Addressed: Insecticide aminocarb effects

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Study effect of aerial application of the insecticide aminocarb on native pollinating insects was studied in a commercial forest region norther of Gander, Newfoundland, during the summer of 1985.

Key Findings: No aminocarb spray on insect pollinators was noted.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency Letter to Dr. Kenneth Knauer

Problem Addressed: Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed Cooperative Spruce Budworm Suppression Project

Key Findings: Concerned with use of the pesticide fenitrothion.

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Distribution and presistence of fenitrothion residues in foliage, soil and water in larose forest.

Problem Addressed: Insecticide residues in Larose forest.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Summarize an operational experiment carried out in Larose Forest to study the persistence of aerially applied fenitrothion and its metabolites (the oxon analgue and 4-nitro-cresol) in white spruce foliage, soil and water samples collected from sprayed areas.

Key Findings: Degradation and persistence of fenitrothion findings are in reasonable agreement with those for the same chemical used in N.B. forests.

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Of Mites and Men

Problem Addressed: The right way to kill insects

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Reduction of Reproductive Potential in Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by a Chitin-Inhibiting Insect Growth Regulator

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine the potential of UC-62644 to reduce the reproductive capabilities of spruce budworm that have been exposed to sublethal concentrations of this chemical during the last larval instar.

Key Findings: The dosages of UC-62644 incorporated into the test diets were sublethal and did not adversely affect larval or pupal survival.

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Response of Breeding Birds to Aerial Sprays of Trichlorfon (Dylox) and Carbaryl (Sevin-4-Oil) in Montana Forests

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Report the results of a pilot control project with trichlorfon (Dylox) and carbaryl (Sevin-4-Oil), with particular reference to the effects of the chemicals on 20 bird species.

Key Findings: No significant effects of trichlorfon or carbaryl sprays on the numbers of breeding pairs, bird abundance, nest success, mortality rates, or the activities of brain cholinesterase in the breeding population were detected.

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Long-term Effects of Fenitrothion Spray Programs on Non-Target Terrestrial Arthropods

Problem Addressed: Use of insecticides as spruce budworm control

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Describe the methods of approach and the interim results to questions regarding spray programs against spruce budworm

Key Findings: The perennial trends of densities in this array of predatory, phytophagous, and fungivorous arthropods do not support the hypothesis that fenitrothion has a profound influence on the community resident in balsam fir crowns.

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