Predators of the spruce budworm
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- Jennings, Daniel T.
USDA Forest Service, Orono, ME - Crawford Jr., Hewlette S.
USDA Forest Service, Amherst, MA
The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the most destructive forest insect pest in eastern North America. Millions of acres of spruce-fir forests have been damaged by the spruce budworm in eastern Canada and in the North-central and Northeastern United States from Minnesota to Maine. Recorded outbreaks of the budworm date back to the early 1700's; but in the 20th century' outbreaks are increasing in frequency, extent, and severity (Blais 1983).
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