• Irland, Lloyd C.
  

To render Bacillus tburingiensß

Berliner suitable for widespread use

in spruce budworm, Cboristoneura fumiferana

Clemens, control, it was necessary to

achieve significant improvements in reliability

and efficacy along with significant reductions

in its cost. In the Maine spruce

budworm program, progress in these areas

made B. tburingiercis cost-competitive with

chemical insecticides by the mid 1980's.

Total cost of applying -8. tburingiensß fellr b ,v

tvvo-thirds from 1980 to 1985. Intensive

work by manufacturers, university and federal

scientists, and spray program managers)

facilitated by extensive regionwide sharing

of information, contributed to this resul¡. Introducing

forestry pesticides to operational

use is currently taking too long. Cuts in federal

forestry budgets have reduced our capacity

to solve these problems in ¡he future