Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm defoliation of balsam fir.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Quantify defoliation levels in treated and control plots in order to determine what effect, if any, thinning had on the susceptibility of balsam fir.
Key Findings: Susceptibility of balsam fir to spruce budworm defoliation was not affected after thinning in coniferous and hardwood forest types.
Problem Addressed: The unknown character of the presettlement forests in New England.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Estimate the species composition of the presettlement forests, to interpret their successional status, and to provide evidence on the frequency of large-scale natural disturbances.
Key Findings: Severe disturbance was fairly common in the presettlement forest of northern Maine, and data from the land surveys and individual virgin stands likewise indicate that most of the land surface supported climax stands that were frequently all-aged.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Assist forest managers at all levels in assessing damage and estimating possible future damage due to spruce budworm activity and provide an index which can be used to rank stands in terms of relative probability of future damage.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Deal with the impact of strip cutting on planting, layout and supervision, in-strip operations, roadside processing, movement of mean and materials, and roads.
Key Findings: While the effects of strip cutting on silvicultural treatment costs are not included in the terms of reference of this study, discussions with foresters suggest that there may be some.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate spruce budworm population and defoliation levels on host species of differing forest types in Maine.
Key Findings: Spruce budworm moths showed a distinct preference for white spruce foliage. Egg to instar-VI budworm survival was highest in the forest type which was a mixture of white spruce and balsam fir. Survival was lowest in the study area with a mixture of red spruce, balsam fir, and hemlock.
Problem Addressed: Slash from precommercial thinning creating an extreme fire hazard and serving as a breeding ground for insects.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Utilize slash from precommercial thinning operations to meet part of the needs for wood fiber and energy.
Key Findings: A system that involves moving trees from the woods to a main skid trail with a small machine and moving the bunched materials from the skid trail to the landing with a larger machine is necessary.
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine how participating landowners were incorporating OBF policy into their forest management planning and operations; learn how they were ensuring that the required outcomes under the agreement were being achieved; determine the effects of IW's enrollment in OBF, as perceived by their forest managers, upon IW as a corporation, upon society, and upon the foresters implementing the policy; determine if harvest plans created under the contraints of OBF produce lower rates of fragmentation compared to FPA harvest plans for the same landscape
Key Findings: OBF harvests more closely followed stand boundaries, fractured fewer stands, and maintained higher mean stand area, the spatial arrangement of harvesting is a critical factor in lowering fragmentation
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Documents the budworm impact on the eastern unit of the Hiawatha National Forest, the Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace Districts of the Ottawa National Forest for 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981.
Key Findings: Statistics presented provide an estimate of spruce budworm impact on spruce-fir stands in the Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace Districts from 1978-1981.
Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm-caused tree mortality and stand recovery
Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine extent of budworm-caused tree mortality and stand recovery over a 20-year period following a spruce budworm outbreak.
Key Findings: There was no clear relationship between volume loss and stand characteristics, but mortality did tend to have a strongly contagious distribution in the stand.