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A Study of the Cost of Strip Cutting Black Spruce Stands in Northern Ontario

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Deal with the impact of strip cutting on planting, layout and supervision, in-strip operations, roadside processing, movement of mean and materials, and roads.

Key Findings: While the effects of strip cutting on silvicultural treatment costs are not included in the terms of reference of this study, discussions with foresters suggest that there may be some.

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The Significance of Non-Host and Alternative Host Tree Species on Populations of Larval and Spruce Budworm, with Emphasis on Improving Sampling Techniques

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate spruce budworm population and defoliation levels on host species of differing forest types in Maine.

Key Findings: Spruce budworm moths showed a distinct preference for white spruce foliage. Egg to instar-VI budworm survival was highest in the forest type which was a mixture of white spruce and balsam fir. Survival was lowest in the study area with a mixture of red spruce, balsam fir, and hemlock.

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Potential for Prebunching with Small Wheeled Tractors

Problem Addressed: Slash from precommercial thinning creating an extreme fire hazard and serving as a breeding ground for insects.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Utilize slash from precommercial thinning operations to meet part of the needs for wood fiber and energy.

Key Findings: A system that involves moving trees from the woods to a main skid trail with a small machine and moving the bunched materials from the skid trail to the landing with a larger machine is necessary.

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Outcome-Based Forestry: A Case Study of the First Private Landowner’s Implementation of an Alternative to Maine’s Forest Practices Act

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Determine how participating landowners were incorporating OBF policy into their forest management planning and operations; learn how they were ensuring that the required outcomes under the agreement were being achieved; determine the effects of IW's enrollment in OBF, as perceived by their forest managers, upon IW as a corporation, upon society, and upon the foresters implementing the policy; determine if harvest plans created under the contraints of OBF produce lower rates of fragmentation compared to FPA harvest plans for the same landscape

Key Findings: OBF harvests more closely followed stand boundaries, fractured fewer stands, and maintained higher mean stand area, the spatial arrangement of harvesting is a critical factor in lowering fragmentation

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Impact of the Spruce Budworm on Spruce-Fir Stands in the Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace Districs of the Hiawatha National Forest 1978-1981

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Michigan

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Documents the budworm impact on the eastern unit of the Hiawatha National Forest, the Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace Districts of the Ottawa National Forest for 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981.

Key Findings: Statistics presented provide an estimate of spruce budworm impact on spruce-fir stands in the Sault Ste. Marie and St. Ignace Districts from 1978-1981.

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Budworm-Caused Mortality and 20-Year Recovery in Immature Balsam Fir Stands

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm-caused tree mortality and stand recovery

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Examine extent of budworm-caused tree mortality and stand recovery over a 20-year period following a spruce budworm outbreak.

Key Findings: There was no clear relationship between volume loss and stand characteristics, but mortality did tend to have a strongly contagious distribution in the stand.

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Executive Summary for CFRU Research Bulletin 3 Impact of the Spruce Budworm in the Maine Spruce-Fir Region: 1975-1979

Problem Addressed: Spruce budworm in Maine

Goal(s)/Objective(s): To document the growth and mortality effects of the spruce budworm in Maine's spruce-fir region

Key Findings: Summarized results of the 400+ plot survey of the impact of the spruce budworm in Maine from 1975 to 1979.

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Bionomics of the Spruce Budmoth, Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana (Ratz.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

Problem Addressed: Spruce budmoth

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Obtain more complete information on the life history, seasonal occurrence, behavior, and on some factors of natural control of this insect.

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A Work Plan to Minimize Effects of the Spruce Budworm Through Stand Alteration

Problem Addressed: Spruce Budworm

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate the long term effects of both new and old forest management practices on spruce budworm populations and forest composition, assess regional effects of new and old management practices to control spruce budworm populations and reduce stand susceptibility and vulnerability, and evaluate the long term effects of the above on a large scale.

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