• Campbell, John
  USDA Forest Service
  
• Driscoll, Charles
  Syracuse University
  

Effects of climate change will show up differently across landscapes that vary in biogeographic features. To evaluate the impacts of climate change, scientists must untangle multiple climatic factors and other human-caused stressors likely to simultaneously affect ecosystems over the coming decades. Forest ecosystem computer models are useful tools to understand and predict the interactive effects of climate change, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and atmospheric chemical deposition on the water quality and characteristics of forested watersheds.