Net effect of spruce budworm defoliation on mortality and growth of balsam-fir
Date Published: 1973
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- Batzer, Harold O.
When a spruce budworm outbreak occurs' the forest manager must decide whether to anticipate the mortality by accelerating harvesting, apply insecticides, do both, or accept the insect damage as a natural phenomenon in an aging forest ecosystem. A spruce budworm outbreak may indirectly affect wildlife habitat, recreational use, and water quality. However, the most direct influence is upon growth and mortality of the host trees.
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