• Nislow, Keith H.
  US Forest Service
  
• McCormick, Stephen D
  USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center
  

Soil acidification, depletion of base cations (positively charged ions such as magnesium or calcium that increase pH of water or reduce acidity), and subsequent release of aluminum from soils into water in the Northeast has been the focus of considerable research. However, impacts of these ecosystem changes on conservation and restoration of biodiversity has not been fully explored. Atlantic salmon, extinct in most of its U.S. native range, is the target of major restoration efforts but is sensitive to acidic conditions in rearing streams during vulnerable life stages.