• Lee. Thomas H.
  School of Forest Resources, University of Maine
  
• Field, David B.
  Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, Marketing and Utilization
  

The information presented in this report is intended to be a summary of what is known about spruce budworm-caused degrade and decay of balsam fir and, to a lesser extent, spruce. In many cases, especially those pertaining to degrade, the picture is not complete. In other cases, the information collected was contradictory. This is an indication of the difficulty of carrying out such studies and the confusing effects of environmental-climatic differences throughout the geographic range involved. In particular, most of the work done on decay of balsam fir has been conducted in Canada. Its applicability to the spruce-fir forests of Maine is uncertain due to differences in climate and geography.