• Crummy, H.R.
  Newfoundland Forest Research Center
  
• Ottos, Imre S.
  Newfoundland Forest Research Center
  

The eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) was not considered to be an important pest in Newfoundland until 1973, consequently, its local biology was not known. Studies recently completed show that the life cycle of this insect in insular Newfoundland is the same as throughout North America, but, seasonal development occurs two or three weeks later than in the Maritime region in Canada. The main host trees of the spruce budworm in Newfoundland are balsam fir, white spruce, and black spruce. Eggs are deposited own host species from about mid July to mid august; exclusion occurs in about twi weeks and the insect overwinters as a second install larva. Larval activity in Newfoundland begins at about the end of may or early June. Emerging second install larva mine needles or vegetative buds on all three host species. Staminate flowers are also eaten when present. Larval Development is usually completed by the end of July. Pupation occurs between mid-July and early August, and moth emergence takes place after about 2 weeks.