• Ducey, Mark J.
  University of New Hampshire, Dept. of Natural Resources and the Environment
  
• Gove, Jeffrey, H.
  USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
  

Uneven-aged or multi-cohort management represents one possible strategy for meeting a range of goals in spruce-fir forests, including goals related to aesthetics, wildlife habitat, emulation of desired disturbance scales and frequencies, and carbon sequestration. However, existing guidelines for spruce-fir management were developed without explicit attention to these objectives, and may even yield negative discounted financial returns.