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Factors affecting species richness of tree regeneration in mixed-wood stands of central Maine

Problem Addressed: Within-stand spatial variability and tree regeneration

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Species richness of tree regeneration in response to smallscale ecological gradients, and effect of Abies balsamea abundance on species richness of other tree regeneration

Key Findings: Negative associations with A. balsamea regeneration density; large regeneration and overstorey basal area. Positive associations overstorey basal area; small and large regeneration and canopy transmittance.

Recommendation: Tree species diversity in Acadian mixed-wood stands may not be achievable through the use of gap-harvesting alone if the density of understorey Abies balsamea is not reduced

Downloads: 2

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Developing optimal commercial thinning prescriptions: A new graphical approach

Problem Addressed: Thinning prescriptions for intensive management of stand density

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Develop an analytical framework to facilitate the application of existing stocking diagrams and stand-growth simulators in formulating density-management regimes

Key Findings: Graphical techniques such as ThinME allow forest managers to effectively explore a variety of commercial thinning prescriptions.

Downloads: 6

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Forty years of spruce–fir stand development following herbicide application and precommercial thinning in central Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Long-term stand dynamics for northern forests

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate the long-term effects of herbicide release and PCT on stand composition and structure; test assumptions about the effects on mixedwood stands

Key Findings: Early herbicide application created softwood-dominated mixedwood stands over the long term; PCT more than doubled merchantable softwood volume

Recommendation: Early PCT dramatically influences the development of spruce-fir stands

Downloads: 4

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Regional Stem Taper Equations for Eleven Conifer Species in the Acadian Region of North America: Development and Assessment

Problem Addressed: Taper profile models for conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Practical guidelines for developing taper profile models for the majority of conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Fitted taper equations can accurately predict both stem form and volume across a range of conditions.

Downloads: 2

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Modeling annualized occurrence, frequency, and composition of ingrowth using mixed-effects zeroinflated models and permanent plots in the Acadian Forest Region of North America

Problem Addressed: Modeling tree ingrowth utilizing random effects

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Find the best modeling approach for annualized ingrowth count data for mixed species and mixed cohort stands in the Acadian Forest Region.

Key Findings: Combining mixed effects modeling techniques with zero-inflated distributions resulted in significant improvement in modeling.

Recommendation: Results can be incorporated into any forest growth simulator for the Acadian Forest Region.

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Long-term response of spruce–fir stands to herbicide and precommercial thinning: observed and projected growth, yield, and financial returns in central Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Long-term growth and yield responses from controlled experiments that include both herbicide application and precommercial thinning.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Use 40-year growth and yield responses of spruce–fir stands to combinations of early herbicide and PCT to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (Northeast Variant).

Key Findings: Highest stumpage values resulted from combined herbicide and PCT treatments, followed by PCT-only and then herbicide-only.

Recommendation: Good financial returns are possible over the long-term from early investments in herbicide and PCT treatments in Maine spruce–fir stands.

Downloads: 6

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Improving the Composition of Beech-Dominated Northern Hardwood Understories in Northern Maine

Problem Addressed: American beech dominance following natural disturbance and shelterwood and selection harvesting

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Identify glyphosate rate and surfactant concentration that produce maximum beech control and minimal injury to desirable hardwood species

Key Findings: Dominant hardwood species differed substantially in their susceptibility to the treatments in the following decreasing order: beech, striped maple, yellow birch, red maple, sugar maple.

Recommendation: this relatively low-cost and effective treatment can substantially improve the understory composition of northern hardwood stands

Downloads: 4

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Assessing the Feasibility of Low-Density LiDAR for Stand Inventory Attribute Predictions in Complex and Managed Forests of Northern Maine, USA

Problem Addressed: Applicability of using a low-density discrete-return LiDAR for forest management.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Evaluate LiDAR for predicting maximum tree height, stem density, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, and total volume.

Key Findings: Low density LiDAR was able to capture variability but tended to underestimate maximum tree height and volume; accuracy of volume prediction was sensitive to the plot type.

Recommendation: Use of LiDAR-based inventory attribute predictions is a valuable option for achieving efficient and effective forest assessment.

Downloads: 3

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Early stand production of hybrid poplar and white spruce in mixed and monospecific plantations in eastern Maine

Problem Addressed: Potential benefits of increasing intensity of silvicultural practices on Maine's forestlands.

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Compare early growth of pure white spruce, pure hybrid poplar, and white spruce-hybrid poplar mixed-species plantations on a typical reforestation site in eastern Maine.

Key Findings: Three years post planting, hybrid poplar height and ground line diameter growth rates began to diverge among clones; by 6 years, the Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii clone clearly outperformed three other Populus spp. clones both in pure stands and in mixtures with white spruce. In mixture, yield of white spruce declined as yield of hybrid poplar increased.

Recommendation: Forest management in northeastern North America could benefit from increasing intensities of silviculture and establishing more plantations.

Downloads: 2

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Influence of management intensity on the productivity of early successional Acadian stands in eastern Maine

Problem Addressed: Response of early successional stands to management

Goal(s)/Objective(s): Document response of early successional stands to management inputs designed to shift species composition

Key Findings: After 7 years, yields of mixedwood treatments were greater than conifer release treatments; yields of hardwood thinning treatments were similar to the untreated control, but with lower densities.

Recommendation: Early successional stands can be effectively managed during early stand development to improve growth and the longer term composition

Downloads: 3

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