• Brown, Charles Phillip
  University of Maine Graduate School
  

The grouse, together with the quails, pheasants, and turkeys, are members of the order Galliformes, but are grouped by themselves in the family tetraonide. This family is represented in Maine by the Canada spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis canace), and the Canada ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus togata). Some ornithologists have held that the ranges of the Eastern ruffed grouse (B.U. umbellus) and the Canada ruffed grouse overlap in Maine, but the recent extensive arrangements of Aldrich and Friedman (1843) indicates that all ruffed grouse in Maine are referable to the subspecies togata.