• Schooley, Hugh D.
  Newfoundland Forest Research Centre St. John's, Nfld.
  
• Kirkland, Kathleen
  Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Portland, OR
  
• Dr. Jennings, Daniel T.
  Northeastern Forest Experiment Station USDA Building, University of Maine Orono, ME 04469
  
• Buckner, C.H.
  Program Leader-Canada Canada/U.S. Spruce Budworms Program, Canadian Forestry Service, 19th Floor, Place Vincent Massey, 351 St. Joseph Blvd. HULL, Quebec KlA OE7
  
• McKnight, M.E.
  Program LeaderUnited States Canada/U.S. Spruce Budworms Program, USDA-Forest Service, P.O. Box 24'17, 605 RP-E Washington, D.C.20013
  

Spruce budworm feeding is greatly reducing cone production throughout the outbreak areas of central and eastern Canada. ln the spring, second-instar larvae leave the overwintering sites and feed on the buds, needles, and flowers of the host. Larval emergence is often closely synchronized with the appearance of flowers and the succulent flowers are more readily fed on than the old foliage or buds. Several days to about 2 weeks after the flowers develop, vegetative buds burst and new needles become available to the larvae. Both male (pollen) and female (ovulate) flowers of all host tree species are consumed.