An atlas of spruce budworm defoliation in eastern North America, 1938-80
Date Published: 1980
Views: 258
Downloads: 2
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- Hardy, Yvan
Laval University - Mainville, Michel
Laval Unversity - Dan Schmitt
CANUSA-East
The spruce budworm is indigenous to eastern North America, where its principal hosts are balsam fir and the spruces, white, red, and black. Because spruce and fir are indicator species for the boreal forest in North America, entomologists customarily associate budworm with it; and, indeed, outbreaks in colonial times (Blais 1960) seem to have been restricted to the true boreal forest.
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